Mission:
By virtue of a stringent peer review process, Journal of Endourology seeks to provide the urological community with leading edge, scientifically rigorous studies in minimally invasive and nonincisional urologic surgery. All aspects of endoscopic, laparoscopic, robotic, and image guided procedures as they apply to benign and malignant diseases of the genitourinary tract are central to our mission.

Vision:
Evidence-based endourologic education of the medical community will bring our patients high quality, patient-oriented care providing the most rapid return of their well being.

Video clips from Volume 19, Number 6

• Laparoscopic Rectovesical Fistula Repairs
  Rene Sotelo, Alejandro Garcia, Henry Yaime, Eduardo Rodriguiez, Antonio Finelli, Rinci Dubois, Robert De Andrade, and Oswaldo Carmona
• Laparoscopic-Assisted Transperitoneal Percutaneous Nephrolithotomy for Renal Caliccal Diverticular Calculi
  Caron Wong, M.D., and Robert Zimmerman, M.D., Ph.D.
• Technique for Tubeless Percutaneous Nephrolithotomy Using Hemostatic Gelatin Matrix
  James F. Borin, Leandro G. Sala, Louis Eichel, Elspeth M. McDougall, and Ralph V. Clayman
• Intravesical Robotically Assisted Bilateral Ureteral Reimplantation
  Craig A. Peters
• Early Ligature of the Renal Artery During Radical Laparoscopic Transperitoneal Nephrectomy
  Francesco Porpiglia, Carlo Terrone, Cecilia Cracco, Marco Cossu, Susanna Grande, Francesca Musso, Julien Renard, and Roberto Mario Scarpa

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Video clips from Volume 20, Number 4

• Laparoscopic Repair of External Iliac-Artery Transection during Laparoscopic Radical Prostatectomy
  K.C. Safi, M.D., D. Teber, M.D., M. Moazen, M.D., G. Anghel, M.D., R.V. Maldonado, M.D., and J.J. Rassweiler, M.D.
• Bipolar Transurethral Resection of Prostate in Saline: Preliminary Report on Clinical Efficacy and Safety at 1 Year
  H. Ho, MRCS (Ed), S.K.H. Yip, FRCS (Ed), FAMS, C.W.S. Cheng, FRCS (Ed), FRCP (Ed), FAMS, and K.T. Foo, FRCS (Ed), FAMS
• Robot-Assisted Laparoscopic Radical Cystoprostatectomy and Totally Intracorporeal Ileal Neobladder
  L.G. Sala, M.D., G.S. Matsunaga, M.D., F.A. Corica, M.D., and D.K. Ornstein, M.D.
• Laparoscopic Transabdominal Transvesical Vesicovaginal Fistula Repair
  C. Wong, M.D., P.N. Lam, M.D., and V.R. Lucente, M.D. With an Editorial Comment by R. Sotelo N., M.D.

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Video clips from Volume 20, Number 7

• Robot-Assisted Laparoscopic Nephroureterectomy
  Dana K. Nanigian, William Smith, Lars M. Ellison
• Cryotherapy for Renal-Cell Cancer: Diagnosis, Treatment, and Contrast-Enhanced Ultrasonography for Follow-Up
  M.H. Wink, B.W. Lagerveld, M.P. Laguna, J.J.M.C.H. De La Rosette, H. Wijkstra
• Methods of Vascular Control during Laparoscopic Donor Nephrectomy
  Chandru P. Sundaram, Vladislav Bargman, Jonathan E. Bernie
• Endoscopically Guided Percutaneous Renal Access: "Seeing Is Believing"
  Farhan Khan, James F. Borin, Margaret S. Pearle, Elspeth M. McDougall, Ralph V. Clayman
• A New Spin on the Entrapped Ureteral Calculus
  Benjamin K. Canales, Anup Ramani, Manoj Monga

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Video clips from Volume 20, Number 9

• Guidewire-Assisted Infundibular Tilt: A Technique for Access into Another Calix during Percutaneous Nephrolithotomy
  D. Dalela, Apul Goel, S.N. Shankhwar, Manish Ahuja, V. Singh, M. Bhandari

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Video clips from Volume 21, Number 10

• Pneumovesicum Method in en-Bloc Laparoscopic Nephroureterectomy with Bladder Cuff Resection for Upper-Tract Urothelial Cancer
  C.W. Cheng, M.D., C.F. Ng, M.D., S.K. Mak, M.D., S.Y. Chan, M.D., Y.F.A. Wong, M.S., C.K. Chan, M.D., L.W. Chan, M.D., and W.S. Wong, M.D. With and Editorial Comment by R.J. Leveillee, MD
• Endoscopic Lymphadenectomy for Penile Carcinoma
  R. Sotelo, M.D., R. Sánchez-Salas, M.D., O. Carmona, M.D., A. Garcia, M.D., M. Mariano, M.D., G. Neiva, M.D., G. Trujillo, M.D., J. Novoa, M.D., F. Cornejo, M.D., and A. Finelli, M.D. With and Editorial Comment by J.T. Bishoff, M.D.
• Robot-Assisted Laparoscopic Distal Ureterectomy and Ureteral Reimplantation with Psoas Hitch
  J. Uberoi, M.D., B. Harnisch, M.D., A.S. Sethi, M.D., R.K. Babayan, M.D., and D.S. Wang, M.D. With and Editorial Comment by A.Z. Weizer, M.D.
• Setting a New Standard for Topical Therapy of Upper-Tract Transitional-Cell Carcinoma: BCG and Interferon-a2B
  M.H. Katz, M.D., M.W. Lee, M.D., and M. Gupta, M.D. With and Editorial Comment by G. Gerber, M.D.

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Video clips from Volume 21, Number 11

• Combination of Laparoscopy and Nephroscopy for Treatment of Stones in Pelvic Ectopic Kidneys
  H.A. El-Kappany, M.D., A.R. El-Nahas, M.D., N.A. El-Tabey, M.D., I. Eraky, M.D., and M.R. El-Kenawy, M.D.
• Laparoscopic Reoperative Pediatric Pyeloplasty with Robotic Assistance
  C.C. Passerotti, M.D., Ph.D., H.T. Nguyen, M.D., B.H. Eisner, M.D., R.S. Lee, M.D., and C.A. Peters, M.D.
• High-Power Potassium-Titanyl-Phosphate or Lithium Triboride Laser Photoselective Vaporization Prostatectomy for Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia: A Systematic Approach
  C. Wong, M.D., FRCSC, FACS, M. Araki, M.D., Ph.D., and J.B. Tonkin, M.D.
• Preoperative Cystoscopy Is Beneficial in Selection of Patients for Laparoscopic Repair of Intraperitoneal Bladder Rupture
  D.S. Yee, M.D., M.P.H., J.F. Kalisvaart, M.D., and J.F. Borin, M.D.
• Lateral Deflection to Release a Stone: A Simple Method
  D. Weiland, M.D., K. Hendlin, B. Eng., B.K. Canales, M.D., M.P.H., S. Lukasewycz, M.D., and M. Monga, M.D., FACS

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Video clips from Volume 22, Number 1

• Totally Laparoscopic Creation of a Novel Stapled Orthotopic Neobladder in the Porcine Model - Video 1
  A. Wagner, M.D., M. Munter, M.D., D. Makarov, M.D., M. Nielsen, M.D., D. Scorpio, D.V.M., and L.R. Kavoussi, M.D.
• Totally Laparoscopic Creation of a Novel Stapled Orthotopic Neobladder in the Porcine Model - Video 2
  A. Wagner, M.D., M. Munter, M.D., D. Makarov, M.D., M. Nielsen, M.D., D. Scorpio, D.V.M., and L.R. Kavoussi, M.D.

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Video clips from Volume 22, Number 4

• Robot-Assisted Laparoscopic Ureteroureterostomy: Description of Technique
  C.C. Passerotti, M.D., Ph.D., D.A. Diamond, M.D., J.G. Borer, M.D., B.H. Eisner, M.D., G. Barrisford, M.D., and H.T. Nguyen, M.D. With an Editorial Comment by D.S. Wang, M.D.
• Critical Role of the Assistant in Laparoscopic and Robot-Assisted Radical Prostatectomy
  R.L. Sur, M.D., A.A. Wagner, M.D., D.M. Albala, M.D., and L.M. Su, M.D. With an Editorial Comment by D.P. Wood, M.D.
• Retrograde Endoscopic-Assisted Percutaneous Renal Access: A Novel "Lasso" Technique to Achieve Rapid Secure Access to the collecting System
  M.B. Patel, M.D., B.M. Mason, M.D., and D.M. Hoenig, M.D. With an Editorial Comment by M. Monga, M.D.
• Robotic Augmentation Enterocystoplasty
  K.E. Al-Othman, M.B.B.S., FRCS(C), A.A. Al-Hellow, M. B.B.S., MRCSI, H.M. Al-Zahrani, M.D., FRCS(C), and R.M. Seyam, M.D. With and Editorial Comment by S.D. Herrell, M.D., FACS
• Digital Nephroscopy: The Next Step
  S. Andonian, M.D., Z. Okeke, M.D., M. Anidjar, M.D., and A.D. Smith, M.D.
• Digital Ureteroscopy: The Next Step
  S. Andonian, M.D., Z. Okeke, M.D. and A.D. Smith M.D.

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Video clips from Volume 22, Number 5

• Robotic Radical Prostatectomy: Assurance of Water-Tight Vesicourethral Anastomotic Closure with the Lapra-Ty Clip
  Kevin C. Zorn, M.D.

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Video clips from Volume 22, Number 8

• Landmarks for Consistent Nerve-Sparing during Robotic Assisted Laparoscopic Radical Prostatectomy
  
• Robotic Nephrectomy for Kidney Cancer in a Horseshoe Kidney with Renal Vein Tumor Thrombus Novel Technique for Thrombectomy
  

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Video clips from Volume 22, Number 9

• Robotic Urethrovesical Anastomosis: Combining Running and Interrupted Sutures
  A.M. Berry, M.D., M.B.A., F. Korkes, M.D., M. Ferreira, M.D., and J.C. Hu, M.D., M.P.H.

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Video clips from Volume 22, Number 12

• Laparoscopic Pyelolithotomy - Tricks of the Trade
  Barry Michael Mason, M.D. and David Hoenig, M.D.
• Robotic Renal Hilar Control and Robotic Clip Replacement for Partial Nephrectomy
  R. Figenshau, M.D., S. Bhayani, M.D., R. Venkatesh, M.D., and A. Wang, M.D.

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Video clips from Volume 23, Number 10

• Percutaneous Nephrolithotomy in the Prone and Prone-Flexed Positions: Anatomic Considerations
  Ray, A.; St. Michael's Hospital, Division of Urology, Chung, Dae-Gyun; St. Michael's Hospital, Department of Medical Imaging, Honey, R. John; St. Michael's Hospital, Division of Urology
  
  Percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL) is commonly performed in the prone position. Knowledge of renal anatomy and the relationship of adjacent organs are essential to minimize patient morbidity and iatrogenic organ injury. We present the anatomical basis for a prone-flexed modification to patient positioning and review the advantages and disadvantages of alternate positions.
• Percutaneous Lithotripsy in Valdivia-Galdakao Decubitus Position: Our Experience
  Francisco Daels, M.D., Mariano S. González, M.D., Federico Garcia Freire, M.D., Alberto Jurado, M.D., and Oscar Damia, M.D.
  
  Percutaneous nephrolithotripsy (PNL) is actually the first therapeutic option to resolve complex renal stones.
  
  Our department initiated its experience in 1985 and treated the first 585 patients in ventral decubitus, as the original technique was described. Then, in 1998, the dorsal decubitus was adopted (Valdivia Uria), in which 695 patients were treated. Since 2006 the Valdivia Galdakao variant has been used.
  
  The Valdivia Galdakao position is an intermediate dorsal decubitus with extension of its homolateral lower limb and flexion of the contralateral.
• Fluoroscopy-Guided Percutaneous Renal Access
  Peter L. Steinberg, M.D., Michelle J. Semins, M.D., Shaun E.L. Wason, M.D., Brian R. Matlaga, M.D., M.P.H., and Vernon M. Pais Jr., M.D.
  
  Percutaneous renal surgery is dependent upon appropriate access to the targeted portion of the collecting system. Obtaining a well-positioned nephrostomy tract improves the urologist's ability to both obtain the desired surgical outcome and minimize attendant morbidities.
• Ultrasonography-Guided Punctures—with and without Puncture Guide
  Mahesh Desai, M.D., FRCS (Eng), FRCS (Edin)
  
  The key requisite of any percutaneous nephrolithotomy technique is access to the collecting system. The kidney has a high degree of vascular network and is liable for vascular injury. Therefore, for an ideal puncture, a percutaneous tract would be developed that leads straight from the skin through a papilla and the target calix into the renal pelvis. Percutaneous renal access can be achieved under fluoroscopic control or using an ultrasonography (US)-guided puncture.
• Endoscopy-Guided Percutaneous Nephrostolithotomy: Benefits of Ureteroscopic Access and Therapy
  Petros G. Sountoulides, M.D., Oskar G. Kaufmann, M.D., Michael K. Louie, M.D., Shawn Beck, M.D., Nickul Jain, Adam Kaplan, M.D., Elspeth M. McDougall, M.D., and Ralph V. Clayman, M.D.
• Two Contemporary Series of Percutaneous Tract Dilation for Percutaneous Nephrolithotomy
  Felix Wezel, M.D., Charalampos Mamoulakis, M.D., Jorge Rioja, M.D., Maurice Stephan Michel, M.D., Jean de la Rosette, M.D., and Peter Alken, M.D.
  
  Dilation of the tract for percutaneous nephrolithotomy can be performed with three different basic techniques. A retrospective outcome analysis of two techniques—metal telescoping dilation and balloon dilation—in a contemporary series of two European departments shows no significant difference in morbidity related to the dilation procedure.
• Ultrasonic, Pneumatic and Combination Intracorporeal Lithotripsy for Percutaneous Nephrolithotomy
  Gregory Lowe, M.D., and Bodo E. Knudsen, M.D., FRCSC
  
  Refinements in ultrasonic and pneumatic lithotriptors, as well as the development of new dual-modality lithotriptors, have increased the options available for the endourologist. Studies comparing the efficiency of the devices in both bench and clinical models help provide the endourologist with guidance in selecting the most appropriate lithotrite.
• Multiperc Versus Single Perc with Flexible Instrumentation for Staghorn Calculi
  Arvind P. Ganpule, M.S., D.N.B., Shashikant Mishra, M.S., D.N.B., and Mahesh R. Desai, M.D., FRCS (Edin), FRCS (Eng)
  
  Several techniques have been described for percutaneous access and stone removal. The method of choice depends on the available instrumentation, stone burden in given caliceal anatomy, and the surgeon's preference, depending on his or her level of training. The argument for multiple strategic tracts vs single-tract percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL) with or without flexible instrumentation for complete clearance of the stones is ongoing. The "multiperc" or multiple tract approach offers clearance of stones without the added cost of sophisticated instrumentation; further, a surgeon who can achieve a primary tract can easily create secondary tracts.
• Percutaneous Renal Surgery: Use of Flexible Nephroscopy and Treatment of Infundibular Stenoses
  Rhonda M. Walsh, M.D., Christopher R. Kelly, B.A., and Mantu Gupta, M.D.
  
  Percutaneous nephrolithotomy is now the gold standard for treatment of large renal stones. In this article, we describe the indications for use of antegrade flexible nephroscopy during percutaneous nephrolithotomy, as well as for treatment of infundibular stenosis. We also discuss various new technologies to help in these endeavors, including digital cystoscopes and ureteroscopes and our preferred baskets, as well as our particular techniques for improving stone-free rates. The treatment of infundibular stenosis through percutaneous access is also reviewed.
• 70 W Holmium:Yttrium-Aluminum-Garnet Laser in Percutaneous Nephrolithotomy for Staghorn Calculi
  Yinghao Sun, M.D., Xiaofeng Gao, M.D., Tie Zhou, M.D., Shushang Chen, M.D., Linhui Wang, M.D., Chuangliang Xu, M.D., and Jiangou Hou, M.D.
  
  Purpose: To investigate the safety and efficacy of the high-power (70W) holmium laser in percutaneous nephrolithotripsy (PCNL) for staghorn calculi.
• Laparoscopic Techniques for Removal of Renal and Ureteral Calculi
  Marcel Hruza, M.D., Michael Schulze, M.D., Dogu Teber, M.D., Ali Serdar Gözen, M.D., and Jens Jochen Rassweiler, M.D.
  
  Although most ureteral and renal stones are managed using endourologic techniques or shockwave lithotripsy in daily clinical practice, stone surgery has not completely disappeared. The increasing experience with laparoscopy in urology poses the question of whether urolithiasis may be an indication for laparoscopy.
• Laparoscopic Management of Caliceal Diverticulum
  Steve W. Waxman, M.D., and Howard N. Winfield, M.D.
  
  Minimally invasive approaches for the treatment of symptomatic caliceal diverticula have become the standard of care. Laparoscopy has been embraced by many urologists and now accounts for many commonly performed approaches to urologic surgery. The laparoscopic approach to treating symptomatic caliceal diverticula adds yet another tool in the urologist's armamentarium for this pathologic entity.
• Skin Treatment and Tract Closure for Tubeless Percutaneous Nephrolithotomy: University of California, Irvine, Technique
  Oskar Grau Kaufmann, M.D., Petros Sountoulides, M.D., Adam Kaplan, M.D., Michael Louie, M.D., Elspeth McDougall, M.D., and Ralph Clayman, M.D.
  
  After percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL), a nephrostomy tube has been routinely placed to ensure hemostasis, provide drainage, and maintain access to the collecting system should a second-look procedure be necessary. Recently, efforts have been expended to either reduce the size of the nephrostomy tube or eliminate it altogether. We describe the tubeless technique of closure and skin treatment after PCNL using FloSeal^® as a sealant for tubeless PCNL.
• Management of Hemorrhagic Complications Associated with Percutaneous Nephrolithotomy
  Ardeshir R. Rastinehad, D.O., Sero Andonian, M.D., Arthur D. Smith, M.D., and David N. Siegel, M.D.
  
  Urologists have witnessed replacement of complex open surgical procedures with minimally invasive therapies over the past quarter century. Nothing personifies this more than an anatrophic nephrolithotomy in the management of kidney stones. The Boyce procedure, once the gold standard for staghorn calculi, is rarely performed. Percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL) has become the gold standard procedure for large renal stones and staghorns. This article will review the hemorrhagic complications that are associated with PCNL and the necessary therapeutic interventions.

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Video clips from Volume 24, Number 4

• Antegrade Ureteral Stenting During Laparoscopic Dismembered Pyeloplasty: Intraoperative Findings and Long-Term Outcome
  Ahmed Sobhy El-Feel, M.D., Mahmoud Amr Abdel-Hakim, M.D., Hazem Ibrahim Abouel-Fettouh, M.D., and Amr Mahmoud Abdel-Hakim, M.D.
  Department of Urology, Cairo University Hospitals, Cairo, Egypt.
  
  The objective of this study was to compare the results of antegrade (AG) ureteral stenting with retrograde (RG) stenting during laparoscopic dismembered pyeloplasty.
• Robot-Assisted Laparoscopic Sacrouteropexy for Pelvic Organ Prolapse in Classical Bladder Exstrophy
  Aaron D. Benson, M.D., Brandan A. Kramer, M.D., Patrick H. McKenna, M.D., and Bradley F. Schwartz, D.O., FACS
  Division of Urology, Center for Laparoscopy and Endourology, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Springfield, Illinois.
  
  Classical bladder exstrophy is a rare congenital anomaly with male predominance. When occurring in women, the accompanying anatomical and functional abnormalities, including pelvic organ prolapse (POP), may cause significant problems in both pediatric and adult patients. The robotic surgical approach to POP has not been described for bladder exstrophy as it has been in otherwise normal women. We report our technique with the first robot-assisted laparoscopic sacrouteropexy for Baden–Walker grade-four POP in an 18-year-old classical bladder exstrophy patient. At 12 months of follow-up, there were no issues or symptoms/evidence of recurrence of POP. To our knowledge, this is the first reported robot-assisted laparoscopic sacrouteropexy for POP in a previously repaired bladder exstrophy case. This procedure may be a viable option in selected patients.
• Surgical Navigation Using Three-Dimensional Computed Tomography Images Fused Intraoperatively with Live Video (A)
  Kazuhiro Nakamura, M.D., Yukio Naya, M.D., Ph.D., Satoki Zenbutsu, Kazuhiro Araki, M.D., Ph.D., Shuko Cho, M.D., Ph.D., Sho Ohta, M.D., Ph.D., Naoki Nihei, M.D., Ph.D., Hiroyoshi Suzuki, M.D., Ph.D., Tomohiko Ichikawa, M.D., Ph.D., and Tatsuo Igarashi, M.D., Ph.D.
  
  For novice surgeons, successful laparoscopic radical nephrectomy depends on the treatment of the renal vessels, and the use of computed tomography assists in navigation during the surgery.
• Surgical Navigation Using Three-Dimensional Computed Tomography Images Fused Intraoperatively with Live Video (B)
  Kazuhiro Nakamura, M.D., Yukio Naya, M.D., Ph.D., Satoki Zenbutsu, Kazuhiro Araki, M.D., Ph.D., Shuko Cho, M.D., Ph.D., Sho Ohta, M.D., Ph.D., Naoki Nihei, M.D., Ph.D., Hiroyoshi Suzuki, M.D., Ph.D., Tomohiko Ichikawa, M.D., Ph.D., and Tatsuo Igarashi, M.D., Ph.D.
  
  For novice surgeons, successful laparoscopic radical nephrectomy depends on the treatment of the renal vessels, and the use of computed tomography assists in navigation during the surgery. 3D image formation and image fusion are shown.
• Hemostasis During Nerve-Sparing Endoscopic Extraperitoneal Radical Prostatectomy
  Jens-Uwe Stolzenburg, Minh Do, Panagiotis Kallidonis, Nabi Ghulam, Giles Hellawell, Tim Haefner, Evangelos N. Liatsikos
  
  We review our experience with extraperitoneal endoscopic radical prostatectomy, and we propose methods to prevent and manage intraoperative bleeding complications. In addition, special technical considerations regarding the nerve-sparing procedures are presented.
• Video Technique for Human Robot-Assisted Microsurgical Vasovasostomy
  Sijo Parekattil, Hany N. Atalah, Marc S. Cohen
  
  Previous studies have shown that robot-assisted microsurgical vasovasostomy (RAVV) has technical advantages over pure microscopic vasovasostomy (MVV) in animal and human models. This study presents a technique video and initial results for RAVV in 20 human cases compared with 7 MVV cases by a single fellowship-trained microsurgeon from July 2007 to June 2009.

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