Short Communication: Atazanavir-Based Therapy Is Associated with Higher Hepatitis C Viral Load in HIV Type 1-Infected Subjects with Untreated Hepatitis C
Publication: AIDS Research and Human Retroviruses
Volume 29, Issue Number 2
Abstract
We assessed the relationship between atazanavir (ATV)-based antiretroviral treatment (ART) and plasma hepatitis C virus (HCV) viral load in a population of HIV/HCV-coinfected patients. HIV/HCV-coinfected patients who received ART based on a protease inhibitor (PI) or nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NNRTI) were included. Patients were stratified by ART drug [ATV/rtv, lopinavir (LPV/rtv), efavirenz (EFV), nevirapine (NVP), and other PIs], HCV genotype (1/4 and 2/3), and IL28B genotype (CC and non-CC). The Kruskal–Wallis test and chi-squared test were used to compare continuous and categorical variables, respectively. Multivariate analysis consisted of a stepwise linear regression analysis. Six hundred and forty-nine HIV/HCV-coinfected patients were included. HCV genotype 1/4 patients who received ATV had higher HCV RNA levels [6.57 (5.9–6.8) log IU/ml] than those who received LPV [6.1 (5.5–6.5) log IU/ml], EFV [6.1 (5.6–6.4) log IU/ml], NVP [5.8 (5.5–5.9) log IU/ml], or other PIs [6.1 (5.7–6.4) log IU/ml] (p=0.014). This association held for the IL28B genotype (CC versus non-CC). The association was not found in patients carrying HCV genotypes 2/3. The linear regression model identified the IL28B genotype and ATV use as independent factors associated with HCV RNA levels. ATV-based therapy may be associated with a higher HCV RNA viral load in HIV/HCV-coinfected patients.
Get full access to this article
View all available purchase options and get full access to this article.
References
1.
Choi JOu JHJ. Mechanism of liver injury. III. Oxidative stress in the pathogenesis of hepatitis C virusAm J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol2006290G847-851. 1. Choi J and Ou JHJ: Mechanism of liver injury. III. Oxidative stress in the pathogenesis of hepatitis C virus. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2006;290:G847–851.
2.
Lehmann EEL-Tantawy WHOcker M et al. The heme oxygenase 1 product biliverdin interferes with hepatitis C virus replication by increasing antiviral interferon responseHepatology201051398-404. 2. Lehmann E, EL-Tantawy WH, Ocker M, et al.: The heme oxygenase 1 product biliverdin interferes with hepatitis C virus replication by increasing antiviral interferon response. Hepatology 2010;51:398–404.
3.
Zhu ZWilson ATLuxon BA et al. Biliverdin inhibits hepatitis C virus NS3/4A protease activity: Mechanism for the antiviral effects of heme oxygenase?Hepatology2010521897-1905. 3. Zhu Z, Wilson AT, Luxon BA, et al.: Biliverdin inhibits hepatitis C virus NS3/4A protease activity: Mechanism for the antiviral effects of heme oxygenase? Hepatology 2010;52:1897–1905.
4.
Fillebeen CRivas-Estilla AMBisaillon M et al. Iron inactivates the RNA polymerase NS5B and suppresses subgenomic replication of hepatitis C virusJ Biol Chem20052809049-9057. 4. Fillebeen C, Rivas-Estilla AM, Bisaillon M, et al.: Iron inactivates the RNA polymerase NS5B and suppresses subgenomic replication of hepatitis C virus. J Biol Chem 2005;280:9049–9057.
5.
Brierly CBurchell B. Human UDP-glucoronosyl transferases: Chemical defence, jaundice and gene therapyBioessays199315749-754. 5. Brierly C and Burchell B: Human UDP-glucoronosyl transferases: Chemical defence, jaundice and gene therapy. Bioessays 1993;15:749–754.
6.
Neukam KMira JARuiz-Morales J et al. Liver toxicity associated with antiretroviral therapy including efavirenz or ritonavir-boosted protease inhibitors in a cohort of HIV/hepatitis C virus co-infected patientsJ Antimicrob Chemother2011662605-2614. 6. Neukam K, Mira JA, Ruiz-Morales J, et al.: Liver toxicity associated with antiretroviral therapy including efavirenz or ritonavir-boosted protease inhibitors in a cohort of HIV/hepatitis C virus co-infected patients. J Antimicrob Chemother 2011;66:2605–2614.
7.
Dore GJTorriani FJRodriguez-Torres M et al. Baseline factors prognostic of sustained virological response in patients with HIV-hepatitis C virus co-infectionAIDS2007211555-1559. 7. Dore GJ, Torriani FJ, Rodriguez-Torres M, et al.: Baseline factors prognostic of sustained virological response in patients with HIV-hepatitis C virus co-infection. AIDS 2007;21:1555–1559.
8.
Poordad FMcCone JBacon BR et al. Boceprevir for untreated chronic HCV genotype 1 infectionN Engl J Med20113641195-1206. 8. Poordad F, McCone J, Bacon BR, et al.: Boceprevir for untreated chronic HCV genotype 1 infection. N Engl J Med 2011;364:1195–1206.
9.
Jaconson IMMchutchison JGDusheiko G et al. Telaprevir for previously untreated chronic hepatitis C virus infectionN Engl J Med2011364252405-2416. 9. Jaconson IM, Mchutchison JG, Dusheiko G, et al.: Telaprevir for previously untreated chronic hepatitis C virus infection. N Engl J Med 2011;364;25:2405–2416.
10.
Mata RCMira JARivero A et al. Nevirapine-based antiretroviral therapy is associated with lower plasma hepatitis C virus viral load among HIV/hepatitis C virus-coinfected patientsJ AIDS Clinic Res20101110. 10. Mata RC, Mira JA, Rivero A, et al.: Nevirapine-based antiretroviral therapy is associated with lower plasma hepatitis C virus viral load among HIV/hepatitis C virus-coinfected patients. J AIDS Clinic Res 2010;1:110.
Information & Authors
Information
Published In

AIDS Research and Human Retroviruses
Volume 29 • Issue Number 2 • February 2013
Pages: 223 - 225
PubMed: 22966845
Copyright
Copyright 2013, Mary Ann Liebert, Inc.
History
Published in print: February 2013
Published online: 21 January 2013
Published ahead of print: 10 October 2012
Published ahead of production: 11 September 2012
Topics
Authors
Author Disclosure Statement
The authors have received consulting fees from Bristol-Myers Squibb, Abbott, Gilead, Roche, and Boehringer Ingelheim. They have received research support from GlaxoSmithKline, Roche, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Schering-Plough, Abbott, and Boehringer Ingelheim and lecture fees from GlaxoSmithKline, Roche, Abbott, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Boehringer Ingelheim, and Schering-Plough.
Metrics & Citations
Metrics
Citations
Export Citation
Export citation
Select the format you want to export the citations of this publication.
View Options
Access content
To read the fulltext, please use one of the options below to sign in or purchase access.⚠ Society Access
If you are a member of a society that has access to this content please log in via your society website and then return to this publication.