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Published Online: 17 November 2014

Intimate Partner Violence During Pregnancy and Adverse Neonatal Outcomes in Low-Income Women

Publication: Journal of Women's Health
Volume 23, Issue Number 11

Abstract

Background: Intimate partner violence (IPV) affects an estimated 1.5 million U.S. women annually. IPV impacts maternal and neonatal health with higher rates of depression and low birth weight (LBW). Less studied is experiencing IPV and delivering a small for gestational age (SGA) baby. SGA neonates are at increased risk of developmental and behavioral problems. The negative sequelae persist into adulthood with increased rates of diabetes mellitus and coronary heart disease.
Methods: In a sample of 239 pregnant women experiencing IPV, in urban and rural settings, we examined cross-sectional associations of severity of IPV and neonatal outcomes (i.e., birth weight and gestational age). Severity of IPV was measured by the Conflict Tactics Scale 2 and neonatal outcomes were collected at the time of delivery.
Results: Outcomes were collected on 194 neonates; 14.9% (n=29) were classified as LBW, 19.1% (n=37) classified as SGA, and 9.8% (n=19) as LBW and SGA. Women reporting higher severity of IPV during pregnancy had a greater likelihood of delivering an SGA neonate (odds ratio [OR] 4.81; 95% confidence interval [95% CI] 1.86–12.47), and LBW neonate (OR 4.20; 95% CI 1.46–12.10).
Conclusions: In a sample of pregnant women experiencing perinatal IPV, women experiencing greater severities of IPV were more likely to deliver a neonate with an adverse outcome. Early recognition and intervention of IPV is essential to reduce disparities in birth outcomes and long-term health outcomes for these neonates.

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Information & Authors

Information

Published In

cover image Journal of Women's Health
Journal of Women's Health
Volume 23Issue Number 11November 2014
Pages: 920 - 926
PubMed: 25290007

History

Published online: 17 November 2014
Published in print: November 2014
Published ahead of print: 7 October 2014

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Authors

Affiliations

Jeanne L. Alhusen
School of Nursing, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland.
Linda Bullock
School of Nursing, The University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia.
Phyllis Sharps
School of Nursing, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland.
Donna Schminkey
School of Nursing, The University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia.
Emily Comstock
School of Nursing, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland.
Jacquelyn Campbell
School of Nursing, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland.

Notes

Address correspondence to:Jeanne L. Alhusen, PhD, CRNP, RNSchool of NursingJohns Hopkins University525 North Wolfe StreetBaltimore, MD 21205E-mail: [email protected]

Author Disclosure Statement

No competing financial interests exist.

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