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Published Online: 17 October 2011

Acute and Chronic Changes in Diffusivity Measures after Sports Concussion

Publication: Journal of Neurotrauma
Volume 28, Issue Number 10

Abstract

Despite negative neuroimaging findings in concussed athletes, studies indicate that the acceleration and deceleration of the brain after concussive impacts result in metabolic and electrophysiological alterations that may be attributable to changes in white matter resulting from biomechanical strain. In the present study we investigated the effects of sports concussion on white matter using three different diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) measures: fractional anisotropy (FA), mean diffusivity (MD), and axial diffusivity (AD). We compared a group of 10 non-concussed athletes with a group of 18 concussed athletes of the same age (mean age 22.5 years) and education (mean 16 years) using a voxel-based approach (VBA) in both the acute and chronic post-injury phases. All concussed athletes were scanned 1–6 days post-concussion and again 6 months later in a 3T Siemens Trio MRI. Three 2×2 repeated-measures analyses of variance (ANOVAs) were conducted, one for each measure of DTI used in the current study. There was a main group effect of FA, which was increased in dorsal regions of both corticospinal tracts (CST) and in the corpus callosum in concussed athletes at both time points. There was a main group effect of AD in the right CST, where concussed athletes showed elevated values relative to controls at both time points. MD values were decreased in concussed athletes, in whom analyses revealed significant group differences in the CST and corpus callosum at both time points. Although the use of VBA does limit the analyses to large tracts, and it has clinical limitations with regard to individual analyses, our results nevertheless indicate that sports concussions do result in changes in diffusivity in the corpus callosum and CST that are not detected using conventional neuroimaging techniques.

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cover image Journal of Neurotrauma
Journal of Neurotrauma
Volume 28Issue Number 10October 2011
Pages: 2049 - 2059
PubMed: 21864134

History

Published online: 17 October 2011
Published ahead of print: 4 October 2011
Published in print: October 2011
Published ahead of production: 24 August 2011

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Luke C. Henry
Département de Psychology, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada.
Julie Tremblay
Hôpital Ste. Justine, Montréal, Québec, Canada.
Sebastien Tremblay
Département de Psychology, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada.
Agatha Lee
Laboratory of Neuroimaging, University of California–Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California.
Caroline Brun
Radiology Department, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
Natasha Lepore
Department of Neurology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California.
Hugo Theoret
Département de Psychology, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada.
Hôpital Ste. Justine, Montréal, Québec, Canada.
Dave Ellemberg
Département de Psychology, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada.
Département de Kinisiologie, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada.
Maryse Lassonde
Département de Psychology, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada.
Hôpital Ste. Justine, Montréal, Québec, Canada.

Notes

Address correspondence to:Luke C. Henry, Ph.D.Department of PsychologyUniversity of Montreal90, Avenue Vincent D'IndyMontreal, Quebec,Canada H2V 2S9
E-mail: [email protected]

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No competing financial interests exist.

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