Effect of Pulse Energy, Pulse Frequency, and Tip Diameter on Intracanal Vaporized Bubble Kinetics and Apical Pressure During Laser-Activated Irrigation Using Er:YAG Laser
Publication: Photobiomodulation, Photomedicine, and Laser Surgery
Volume 38, Issue Number 7
Abstract
Objective: Er:YAG laser-activated irrigation (LAI) is an effective method of root canal cleaning, but irrigant extrusion from the apical foramen has been a concern. We aimed to analyze the effects of pulse energy, pulse frequency, and laser tip diameter on intracanal vapor bubble kinetics and periapical pressure generation during LAI with Er:YAG laser.
Background: Irrigant vapor bubble kinetics are one of indices of root canal cleaning efficacy. However, few studies have compared laser pulse conditions to vapor bubble kinetics, in relation to periapical pressure.
Methods: A plastic root canal model (apical diameter 0.50 mm, 6% taper, 20 mm long) was filled with distilled water, and LAI with Er:YAG laser (Erwin AdvErl Unit; 30, 50, or 70 mJ; 10, or 20 pulses per second; laser tip R200T or R600T) was performed with the end of the tip fixed at 15 mm from the root apex. The number, maximum diameter, and velocity of vapor bubbles were analyzed by high-speed video imaging. Pressure generated outside the apical foramen was measured with a pressure sensor.
Results: Vapor bubble count and maximum diameter increased significantly with pulse energy, pulse frequency, and tip diameter. Vapor bubble velocity increased significantly with pulse frequency, but not with pulse energy or tip diameter. Periapical pressure increased significantly with pulse energy, pulse frequency, and tip diameter.
Conclusions: The pulse frequency was the single factor that significantly affected all the examined parameters (the number, diameter, and velocity) of vapor bubble kinetics together with the periapical pressure.
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Information & Authors
Information
Published In
Photobiomodulation, Photomedicine, and Laser Surgery
Volume 38 • Issue Number 7 • July 2020
Pages: 431 - 437
PubMed: 32364877
Copyright
Copyright 2020, Mary Ann Liebert, Inc., publishers.
History
Published online: 14 July 2020
Published in print: July 2020
Published ahead of print: 4 May 2020
Accepted: 24 November 2019
Received: 19 August 2019
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Author Disclosure Statement
No competing financial interests exist.
Funding Information
This work was supported, in part, by a Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research C from the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (No. 17K11700 to S.W.)
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