Research Article
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Published Online: 1 September 2017

Meltblown Polymer Fabrics as Candidate Scaffolds for Rotator Cuff Tendon Tissue Engineering

Publication: Tissue Engineering Part A
Volume 23, Issue Number 17-18

Abstract

Various biomaterial technologies are promising for tissue engineering, including electrospinning, but commercial scale-up of throughput is difficult. The goal of the study was to evaluate meltblown fabrics as candidate scaffolds for rotator cuff tendon tissue engineering. Meltblown poly(lactic acid) fabrics were produced with several polymer crystallinities and airflow velocities [500(low), 900(medium) or 1400(high) m3air/h/m fabric]. Fiber diameter, alignment, and baseline bidirectional tensile mechanical properties were evaluated. Attachment and spreading of human adipose-derived stem cells (hASCs) were evaluated over 3 days immediately following seeding. After initial screening, the fabric with the greatest Young's modulus and yield stress was selected for 28-day in vitro culture and for evaluation of tendon-like extracellular matrix production and development of mechanical properties. As expected, airflow velocity of the polymer during meltblowing demonstrated an inverse relationship with fiber diameter. All fabrics exhibited fiber alignment parallel to the direction of collector rotation. All fabrics demonstrated mechanical anisotropy at baseline. Cells attached, proliferated, and spread on all fabrics over the initial three-day culture period. Consistent with the observed loss of integrity of the unseeded biomaterial, hASC-seeded scaffolds demonstrated a significant decrease in Young's modulus over 28 days of culture. However, dsDNA, sulfated glycosaminoglycan, and collagen content increased significantly over 28 days. Histology and polarized light microscopy demonstrated collagen deposition and alignment throughout the thickness of the scaffolds. While fiber diameters approximated an order of magnitude greater than those previously reported for electrospun scaffolds intended for tendon tissue engineering, they were still within the range of collagen fiber diameters found in healthy tendon. The extent of matrix production and alignment was similar to that previously observed for multilayered electrospun scaffolds. While the Young's modulus of scaffolds after 28 days of culture was lower than native rotator cuff tendon, it approximated that reported previously following culture of electrospun scaffolds and was on the same order of magnitude as of current Food and Drug Administration-approved patches for rotator cuff augmentation. Together, these data suggest that with minor polymer and parameter modifications, meltblown scaffolds could provide an economical, high-throughput production alternative method to electrospinning for use in rotator cuff tendon tissue engineering.

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Information & Authors

Information

Published In

cover image Tissue Engineering Part A
Tissue Engineering Part A
Volume 23Issue Number 17-18September 2017
Pages: 958 - 967
PubMed: 28816097

History

Published in print: September 2017
Published online: 1 September 2017
Published ahead of production: 17 August 2017
Accepted: 16 August 2017
Received: 26 October 2016

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Authors

Affiliations

Thomas L. Jenkins
Department of Basic Medical Science, Purdue University College of Veterinary Medicine and Department of Biomedical Engineering, Weldon School of Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana.
Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina.
Sean Meehan
Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina.
Behnam Pourdeyhimi
The Nonwovens Institute, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina.
Dianne Little
Department of Basic Medical Science, Purdue University College of Veterinary Medicine and Department of Biomedical Engineering, Weldon School of Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana.
Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina.

Notes

Presented, in part, at the Orthopedic Research Society Annual Meeting, San Diego, 2017.
*
This article is part of a special focus issue on Strategic Directions in Musculoskeletal Tissue Engineering. Additional articles can be found in Tissue Engineering Part A, volume 23, numbers 15–16 and Tissue Engineering Part B, number 4.
Address correspondence to:Dianne Little, DVM, PhDDepartment of Basic Medical SciencesPurdue University1330 Lynn Hall625 Harrison StreetWest Lafayette, IN 47907E-mail: [email protected]

Disclosure Statement

No competing financial interests exist.

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