Oxidative Stress in Ischemic Brain Damage: Mechanisms of Cell Death and Potential Molecular Targets for Neuroprotection
Publication: Antioxidants & Redox Signaling
Volume 14, Issue Number 8
Abstract
Significant amounts of oxygen free radicals (oxidants) are generated during cerebral ischemia/reperfusion, and oxidative stress plays an important role in brain damage after stroke. In addition to oxidizing macromolecules, leading to cell injury, oxidants are also involved in cell death/survival signal pathways and cause mitochondrial dysfunction. Experimental data from laboratory animals that either overexpress (transgenic) or are deficient in (knock-out) antioxidant proteins, mainly superoxide dismutase, have provided strong evidence of the role of oxidative stress in ischemic brain damage. In addition to mitochondria, recent reports demonstrate that NADPH oxidase (NOX), an important pro-oxidant enzyme, is also involved in the generation of oxidants in the brain after stroke. Inhibition of NOX is neuroprotective against cerebral ischemia. We propose that superoxide dismutase and NOX activity in the brain is a major determinant for ischemic damage/repair and that these major anti- and pro-oxidant enzymes are potential endogenous molecular targets for stroke therapy. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 14, 1505–1517.
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Information & Authors
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Published In
Antioxidants & Redox Signaling
Volume 14 • Issue Number 8 • April 15, 2011
Pages: 1505 - 1517
PubMed: 20812869
Copyright
Copyright 2011, Mary Ann Liebert, Inc.
History
Published in print: April 15, 2011
Published online: 20 March 2011
Published ahead of print: 9 January 2011
Published ahead of production: 2 September 2010
Accepted: 2 September 2010
Received: 11 August 2010
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