Protective Effect of β-Caryophyllene, a Natural Bicyclic Sesquiterpene, Against Cerebral Ischemic Injury
Publication: Journal of Medicinal Food
Volume 16, Issue Number 6
Abstract
β-Caryophyllene (trans-4,11,11-trimethyl-8-methylenebicyclo[7,2,0]undec-4-ene), found in various plants, is a natural bicyclic sesquiterpene with a low toxicity. Here, we show that a single intraperitoneal injection of β-caryophyllene (10 mg/kg) significantly reduced the cortical infarct volume by 67% when given immediately before middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO). Neurological deficits caused by MCAO were also significantly decreased by β-caryophyllene. β-Caryophyllene treatment of cortical cells exposed to oxygen–glucose deprivation revealed a significant protection in a dose-dependent manner. However, β-caryophyllene neither suppressed N-methyl-d-aspartate excitotoxicity in cultured cortical cells nor markedly decreased the oxidative stress measured in the cellular or acellular systems. By contrast, treatments with β-caryophyllene dose-dependently inhibited mRNA expression of inducible nitric oxide synthetase, interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, and cyclooxygenase 2 in C6 microglial cells, and decreased the level of nitric oxide and prostaglandin E2 at a 100 μM concentration. All of these findings suggest that β-caryophyllene has a potent neuroprotective activity, and its neuroprotection may be partly related to the modulation of inflammatory mediators.
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Copyright 2013, Mary Ann Liebert, Inc. and Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition.
History
Published online: 14 June 2013
Published ahead of print: 4 June 2013
Published in print: June 2013
Accepted: 6 February 2013
Received: 18 March 2012
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